Review on Regional Impact of Climate Change on Fisheries Sector

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  The Development of Pollution Auctions

  pp. 1–24

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  Abstract

  This commodity traces the evolution of pollution auctions. The commodity examines how auction blueprint began with an initially uncomplicated auction format and has progressed over time, focusing on auctions in 3 primal pollution regulation programs: the European union Emissions Trading Scheme, the US Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, and the California Cap-and-Trade Programme. In response to the unique characteristics of pollution regulation, which is aimed at achieving both cost containment and market participation, regulators take created novel and interesting auction designs. The article reviews the theoretical and experimental testify concerning the outcomes of current auction programs and highlights unique design features of these regulatory systems that are fundamental to both their development and success. A fundamental finding of the commodity is that even small changes in sale design tin pb to pregnant differences in auction outcomes.

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  A Carbon Levy for International Maritime Fuels

  • Ian Parry,
  • Dirk Heine,
  • Kelley Kizzier, and
  • Tristan Smith

  pp. 25–41

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  Abstruse

  The International Maritime Organization has pledged to reduce carbon emissions from the shipping industry by at least 50 percentage below 2008 levels by midcentury. The side by side pace is to design a strategy for implementing this commitment. A carbon levy for international maritime fuel is a critical component of this strategy because information technology provides across-the-board incentives for near-term mitigation, the robust price indicate that is ultimately needed for deploying zip-emission vessels (ZEVs), and virtually-term funding for R & D and infrastructure investment for ZEVs. This article discusses the rationale for an international maritime carbon levy, fundamental design and implementation issues, and the environmental impacts of such a levy.

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  Pollution Trends and US Ecology Policy: Lessons from the Past Half Century

  • Joseph S. Shapiro

  pp. 42–61

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  Abstract

  This article proposes and evaluates four hypotheses almost US pollution and ecology policy over the past one-half century. First, air and water pollution has declined substantially, although greenhouse gas emissions have not. Second, environmental policy explains a large share of these trends. Third, much of the regulation of air and drinking water pollution has benefits that exceed costs, although the testify for surface water pollution regulation is less clear. Fourth, while the distribution of pollution across social groups is unequal, market-based ecology policies and command and control policies exercise not announced to produce systematically different distributions of ecology outcomes. I also discuss recent innovations in methods and data that can be used to evaluate pollution trends and policies, including the increased apply of environmental authoritative data, statistical do good–cost comparisons, analysis of previously understudied policies, more than sophisticated analyses of pollution transport, micro-macro frameworks, and a focus on the distribution of ecology outcomes.

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  The Relative Merits of Carbon Pricing Instruments: Taxes versus Trading

  • Robert Northward. Stavins

  pp. 62–82

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  Abstract

  In that location is widespread agreement amidst nearly economists that economy-wide carbon pricing volition exist a necessary (although non necessarily sufficient) component of whatever policy that can achieve meaningful and toll-effective CO₂ reductions in big, complex economies. But there is less agreement nigh which of two carbon pricing instruments will exist ameliorate. Some back up carbon taxes, while others favor cap-and-trade. How do these two pricing approaches compare? In this survey and synthesis of theory and experience, I evidence that when carbon taxes and carbon cap-and-trade systems are designed in means that make them truly comparable, their characteristics and outcomes are like and, in some respects, fully equivalent. Just the two approaches can perform quite differently forth some specific dimensions, sometimes favoring taxes and sometimes cap-and-trade. The key differences in performance depend on details of program blueprint. Indeed, what appears at get-go glance to be a dichotomous choice betwixt two distinct instruments can plow out to be a pick of specific design elements along a policy continuum.

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  Agri-environmental Programs in the United States and Canada

  • Kathy Baylis,
  • Jonathan Coppess,
  • Benjamin G. Gramig, and
  • Paavani Sachdeva

  pp. 83–104

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  Abstract

  Canada and the U.s. have a rich history of policy interventions aimed at improving environmental outcomes from agricultural production. We review the agri-environmental programs in these ii countries equally well as the related economic literature. Despite the impacts of agriculture on state, water, and climate quality, the literature on agri-environmental programs has largely focused on a few major programs or the adoption of specific direction practices. Far less inquiry evaluates programs on active farmland, environmental regulation of agronomics, and the interactions of these policies and programs. Further enquiry is also needed on how the heterogeneity of ecology characteristics and processes affects the outcomes of management practices and how these outcomes might be affected by climate modify. Given the connected substantial impacts of agriculture on environmental outcomes, the increased interest of agricultural processors and consumers in these outcomes, and the potential for new models and information to inform research, we conclude that this is an platonic time to examine and apply lessons learned from past program successes and failures as we seek to better the functioning of the next generation of agri-environmental policy interventions.

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  European Agri-environmental Policy: Evolution, Effectiveness, and Challenges

  • Berit Hasler,
  • Mette Termansen,
  • Helle Ørsted Nielsen,
  • Carsten Daugbjerg,
  • Sven Wunder, and
  • Uwe Latacz-Lohmann

  pp. 105–125

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  Abstruse

  European agri-ecology policy has diverse and competing objectives. The Common Agricultural Policy has been the primary policy framework guiding the European Spousal relationship (EU) and its member states in the design and implementation of both mandatory and voluntary agri-ecology policy instruments. Voluntary agri-environmental schemes, which were introduced in the 1990s, continue to play a fundamental office in meeting the European union's environmental and climate objectives. We find that in achieving their objectives these schemes have faced problems including limited environmental impact, low adoption past farmers, and conflicts between their environmental and income back up objectives. The commodity likewise finds scant empirical prove concerning the ecology and economic impacts of the agri-environmental schemes. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons from past experiences and potential future inquiry and policy directions aimed at increasing the European union's achievement of agri-ecology and climate objectives.

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  Agriculture and the Environment: Policy Approaches in Australia and New Zealand

  • David Pannell and
  • Abbie Rogers

  pp. 126–145

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  Abstract

  This article provides an overview of agri-environmental policies in Australia and New Zealand. Dissimilar in other developed countries, there is by and large no expectation in Australia and New Zealand that farmers will be fully compensated for the costs of complying with agri-environmental policies. Near expenditures aimed at changing farming practices are allocated to projects in detail locations and accept specific targets. While this arroyo has the potential to back up evidence-based targeting of policy expenditures, in practice, the quality of targeting and use of evidence have mostly been low, reflecting an credible lack of concern about policy efficiency and cost-effectiveness. For the same reason, early hopes well-nigh the potential to use conservation tenders to allocate agri-environmental funds take non been realized. In contrast, efforts to develop markets for irrigation water in Commonwealth of australia and water quality permits in New Zealand take persisted for many years, lessons have been practical, and economical and scientific evidence has been central in the policy process. Command and command regulation to restrict the clearing of native vegetation in Commonwealth of australia has produced mixed results. These policy experiences advise that effective and efficient agri-ecology policies crave a long-term government commitment and a willingness to change policies as needed.

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  The Evolution of the "Waters of the United States" and the Role of Economics

  • David A. Keiser,
  • Sheila Chiliad. Olmstead,
  • Kevin J. Boyle,
  • Victor B. Flatt,
  • Bonnie L. Keeler,
  • Daniel J. Phaneuf,
  • Joseph South. Shapiro, and
  • Jay P. Shimshack

  pp. 146–152

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  Abstract

  For near 50 years, the Clean H2o Act (CWA) has served as the principal environmental statute that regulates water quality in the United States. Notwithstanding the jurisdictional limits of the act, in terms of which waters are regulated, remain unresolved. This article reviews the complicated history of these waters of the U.s. (WOTUS) and discusses the important role of economics in understanding the benefits and costs of a narrow versus a broad definition of WOTUS. During the Obama and Trump administrations, several economical analyses arrived at different conclusions regarding whether to expand or reduce CWA protections. We examine the fundamental components of these analyses, including a novel federalism assay used to support deregulation of The states waterways. In this analysis, the Trump administration assumed that states would fill regulatory gaps left past the federal government. We conclude with some thoughts near key issues for the Biden administration to consider equally it develops its own definition of WOTUS equally well as research priorities for economists seeking to inform the argue near WOTUS.

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  COVID-19 Research and Policy Analysis: Contributions from Environmental Economists

  • Madison Ashworth,
  • Todd Fifty. Ruddy,
  • David Finnoff,
  • Stephen C. Newbold,
  • Jason F. Shogren, and
  • Linda Thunström

  pp. 153–167

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  Abstract

  We discuss contributions past environmental and natural resource (ENR) economists to research and policy analysis of COVID-19. ENR economists accept a perspective and tool kit that are peculiarly well suited to this task. The field of environmental economics began as an interdisciplinary endeavor and has since built on its early legacy to assemble a large fix of conceptual models and empirical methods that integrate the relevant natural scientific discipline, market and nonmarket institutions, and human behaviors to inform policies and shape commonage activity outcomes. We present elements of policy assay that together form an integrated framework for studying the pandemic and options for controlling it. We highlight particular tools and skills that provide ENR economists with some comparative advantages for researching and analyzing COVID-nineteen polices, have stock of what ENR economics research has already achieved, and place important unresolved issues that ENR economists appear to be especially well qualified to accost.

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Frequency: 2 issues/year
ISSN: 1750-6816
Eastward-ISSN: 1750-6824
2020 JCR Impact Factor*: half-dozen.049
Ranked #20 out of 376 "Economics" journals; and ranked #17 out of 125 "Ecology Studies" journals
2020 CiteScore*: 14.3
Ranked #7 out of 661 "Economic science and Econometrics" journals

The Review of Environmental Economics and Policy is an official journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists and the European Association of Ecology and Resource Economists. REEP fills the gap between traditional academic journals and the general involvement printing by providing a widely accessible yet scholarly source for the latest thinking on environmental economics and related policy.

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*Journal Bear on Factors courtesy of the 2020 Periodical Commendation Reports (JCR) (Clarivate Analytics, 2021). Scopus CiteScore (Elseview B.V.). Retrieved June 2021, from Scopus.

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